Transposable elements make up a significant portion of plant genomes and are thought to play a key role in genomic reorganization and functional alterations. Transposable elements are known to cause a wide range of gene expression and function modifications in plants. This has led to the hypothesis that transposable element activity aided adaptive plant evolution. Transposons are controlled by a collection of mechanisms that identify and epigenetically quiet them, despite the fact that they are potentially very mutagenic. Two basic properties are shared by all transposable elements. The first is their ability to travel about the genome, which is why they're called mobile DNAs or transposable elements. The second is their ability to use this transposition to increase their copy number inside the genome, giving them a selective function that can make them selfish or parasitic DNAs. The distribution of transposable elements in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat can be divided into three compartments (distal, interstitial, and proximal) that differ in age and type, gene density and function, and recombination frequency, implying that transposable elements are distributed differently in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat. Transposable elements are thought to play a key role in genome organization and evolution. TEs have the potential to alter genomic structure and gene expression. Recombination between two TEs can result in chromosomal rearrangements or deletions of the interleaving genomic sequence. Transposition is regulated by the cellular processes that produce active transposase. Transposition regulation is unique to each element and encompasses transcription, differential splicing, translation, and protein-protein interaction regulation.
| Published in | American Journal of BioScience (Volume 10, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15 |
| Page(s) | 69-74 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
DNA Transposon, Retrotransposon, Transposable Element
| [1] | Kleckner, N (1977). Translocatable elements in prokaryotes. Cell 11: II. |
| [2] | Lonnig WE, Saedler H (2002). Chromosome rearrangements and transposable elements. Annual Review of Genetics 36: 389–410. |
| [3] | Vitte C, Panaud O. 2005. LTR retrotransposons and flowering plant genome size: emergence of the increase ⁄ decrease model. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 110: 91–107. |
| [4] | McClintock, B (1950). The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 36: 344–355. McClintock, B. 1984. The significance of responses of the genome to challenge. Science 226: 792–801. |
| [5] | Sheen, F. M.; Levis, R. W (1994). Transposition of the LINE-like retrotransposon TART to Drosophila chromosome termini. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91 (26), 12510-12514. |
| [6] | Frazer, K. A.; Chen, X.; Hinds, D. A.; Pant, P. V.; Patil, N.; Cox, D. R. Genomic DNA insertions and deletions occur frequently between humans and nonhuman primates. Genome Res., 2003, 13 (3), 341-346. |
| [7] | Locke, D. P.; Segraves, R.; Carbone, L.; Archidiacono, N.; Albertson, D. G.; Pinkel, D.; Eichler, E. E. (2003). Large-scale variation among human and great ape genomes determined by array comparative genomic hybridization. Genome Res, 13 (3), 347-357. |
| [8] | Feschotte, C. and Pritham, E. J (2007) DNA transposons and he evolution of eukaryotic genomes. Annu. Rev. Genet. 41, 331–368 Fedoroff, N. V (2012) Transposable elements, epigenetics, and genome evolution. Science 338, 758–767. |
| [9] | Lisch, D (2013). How important are transposons for plant evolution? Nat. Rev. Genet. 14: 49–61. doi: 10.1038/nrg3374. |
| [10] | Feng, S. et al. (2010) Conservation and divergence of methylation patterning in plants and animals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107, 8689–8694 5. |
| [11] | Zemach, A. et al. (2010). Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of eukaryotic DNA methylation. Science 328, 916–919. |
| [12] | Makalowski W (2001). The human genome structure and organization. Acta Biochim Pol 48 (3): 587–598 Pub Med Google Scholar. |
| [13] | Britten RJ, Kohne DE (1968). Repeated sequences in DNA. Hundreds of thousands of copies of DNA sequences have been incorporated into the genomes of higher organisms. Science 161 (841): 529–540 Pub Med Cross Ref Google Scholar. |
| [14] | Waring M, Britten RJ (1966). Nucleotide sequence repetition - a rapidly re associating fraction of mouse DNA. Science 154 (3750): 791–794 Pub Med Cross Ref Google Scholar. |
| [15] | Consortium, C. e. S. Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science, 1998, 282 (5396), 2012-2018. |
| [16] | SanMiguel, P.; Gaut, B. S.; Tikhonov, A.; Nakajima, Y.; Bennetzen, J. L.(1998). The paleontology of intergene retrotransposons of maize. Nat. Genet, 20 (1), 43-45. |
| [17] | Xiong Y, Eickbush TH (1990). Origin and evolution of retro elements based upon their reversetranscriptase sequences. EMBO J. 9: 3353–62. |
| [18] | Wicker T, Keller B (2007). Genome-wide comparative analysis of copia retrotransposons in Triticeae. |
| [19] | Kim H-Y, Schiefelbein JW, Raboy V, Furtek DB, Nelson OE Jr (1987). RNA splicing permits expression of a maize gene with a defective Suppressor-mutator transposable element insertion in an exon. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 5863–5867. |
| [20] | Doolittle WF, Sapienza C (1980). Selfish genes, the phenotype paradigm and genome evolution. Nature 284: 601–603. |
| [21] | Hehl R, Nacken W, Krause A, Saedler H, Sommer H (1991). Structural analysis of Tam3, a transposable element from Antirrhinum majus, reveals homologies to the Ac element from maize. Plant Mol Biol 16: 369–371. |
| [22] | Bennetzen, J. L (2000). Transposable element contributions to plant gene and genome evolution. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 251–269. doi: 10.1023/A:1006344508454. |
| [23] | Bucher, E., J. Reindeers, and M. Mirouze (2012). Epigenetic control of transposon transcription and mobility in Arabidopsis. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 15: 503–510. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.08.006. |
| [24] | Lisch D. Mutator and MULE Transposons. Microbiol Spectr. 2015; 3: MDNA3– 0032. |
| [25] | Fedoroff, N. V (2012) Transposable elements, epigenetics, and genome evolution. Science 338, 758 767. |
| [26] | Walbot V (1991). The Mutator transposable element family of maize. Genet Eng (N Y).13: 1-37. PMID: 1369337. |
| [27] | Orgel LE, Crick FHC: Selfish DNA (1980). The ultimate parasite. Nature 284: 604–607. |
| [28] | Goodier, J. L.; Kazazian, H. H., Jr (2008). Retrotransposons revisited: the restraint and rehabilitation of parasites. Cell, 2008, 135 (1), 23-35. |
| [29] | Finnegan DJ (1989). Eukaryotic transposable elements and genome evolution. Trends Genet 5: 103–107. |
| [30] | Schnable, P. S. et al. (2009). The B73 maize genome: complexity, diversity, and dynamics. Science 326, 1112–1115. |
| [31] | Daron, J. et al. (2014) Organization and evolution of transposable elements along the bread wheat chromosome 3B. Genome Biol. 15, 546. |
| [32] | Choulet, F. et al. (2014). Structural and functional partitioning of bread wheat chromosome 3B. Science 345, 1249721–1249721. |
| [33] | Mascher, M. et al. (2017). A chromosome conformation capture ordered sequence of the barley genome. Nature 544, 427–433. |
| [34] | Quadrana, L. et al. (2016). The Arabidopsis thaliana mobile and its impact at the species level. Elife 5, 6919. Rice, and Arabidopsis reveals conserved ancient evolutionary lineages and distinct dynamics of individual copia families. Genome Res. 17: 107. |
| [35] | Stuart, T. et al. (2016). Population scale mapping of transposable element diversity reveals links to gene regulation and epigenomic variation. Elife 5, e60. |
| [36] | Chen, J. et al. (2013). Whole-genome sequencing of Oryza brachyantha reveals mechanisms underlying Oryza genome evolution. Nat. Commun. 4, 1595. |
| [37] | Kawakatsu, T. et al. (2016) Epigenomic diversity in a global collection of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Cell 166, 492– 505. |
| [38] | Jiang J, Nasuda S, Dong F, Scherrer CW, Woo S-S, Wing RA, Gill BS, Ward DC (1996). A conserved repetitive DNA element located in the centromeres of cereal chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: +14210–14213. |
| [39] | SanMiguel P, Tikhonov A, Jin YK, Motchoulskaia N, Zakharov D, Melake-Berhan A, Springer PS, Edwards KJ, Lee M, Avramova Z, Bennetzen, JL (1996). Nested retrotransposons in the intergenic regions of the maize genome. Science 274: 765–768. |
| [40] | Doak TG, Doerder FP, Jahn CG, Herrick AG (1994). A proposed superfamily of transposase genes: transposon-like elements in ciliated protozoa and a common “D35E” motif. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 942–46. |
| [41] | Berg DE, Howe MM, eds (1989). Mobile DNA. Washington, DC: Am. Soc. Microbiol. |
| [42] | Kleckner, N (1981). Transposable elements in prokaryotes. Annu. Rev. Genet. 15: 341. |
| [43] | Vos JC, Baere ID, Plasterk HA. 1996. Transposase is the only nematode protein required for in vitro transposition of Tc1. Genes Dev. 10: 755–61. |
| [44] | Lampe, D. J.; Grant, T. E.; Robertson, H. M (1998). Factors affecting transposition of the Himar1 mariner transposon in vitro. Genetics, 149 (1), 179-187. |
| [45] | Lohe, A. R.; Moriyama, E. N.; Lidholm, D. A.; Hartl, D. L (1995). Horizontal transmission, vertical inactivation, and stochastic loss of mariner-like transposable elements. Mol. Biol. Evol, 12 (1), 62-72. |
| [46] | Weil CF, Wessler SR (1993). Molecular evidence that chromosome breakage by Ds elements is caused by aberrant transposition. The Plant Cell 5: 515–522. |
| [47] | Hughes AL, Friedman R, Ekollu V, Rose JR (2003). Non-random association of transposable elements with duplicated genomic blocks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29: 410–416. |
| [48] | Contreras B, Vives C, Castells R, Casacuberta JM (2015). The impact of transposable elements in the evolution of plant genomes: from selfish elements to key players. In: Pontarotti P, ed. Evolutionary biology: biodiversification from genotype to phenotype. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 93–105. |
| [49] | Zamudio N, Barau J, Teissandier A, et al. (2015). DNA methylation restrains transposons from adopting a chromatin signature permissive for meiotic recombination. Genes and Development 29: 1256–1270. |
APA Style
Takele Mitiku. (2022). Review on Role of Mobile Element in Crop Genetic Variability. American Journal of BioScience, 10(2), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15
ACS Style
Takele Mitiku. Review on Role of Mobile Element in Crop Genetic Variability. Am. J. BioScience 2022, 10(2), 69-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15
AMA Style
Takele Mitiku. Review on Role of Mobile Element in Crop Genetic Variability. Am J BioScience. 2022;10(2):69-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15,
author = {Takele Mitiku},
title = {Review on Role of Mobile Element in Crop Genetic Variability},
journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {69-74},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20221002.15},
abstract = {Transposable elements make up a significant portion of plant genomes and are thought to play a key role in genomic reorganization and functional alterations. Transposable elements are known to cause a wide range of gene expression and function modifications in plants. This has led to the hypothesis that transposable element activity aided adaptive plant evolution. Transposons are controlled by a collection of mechanisms that identify and epigenetically quiet them, despite the fact that they are potentially very mutagenic. Two basic properties are shared by all transposable elements. The first is their ability to travel about the genome, which is why they're called mobile DNAs or transposable elements. The second is their ability to use this transposition to increase their copy number inside the genome, giving them a selective function that can make them selfish or parasitic DNAs. The distribution of transposable elements in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat can be divided into three compartments (distal, interstitial, and proximal) that differ in age and type, gene density and function, and recombination frequency, implying that transposable elements are distributed differently in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat. Transposable elements are thought to play a key role in genome organization and evolution. TEs have the potential to alter genomic structure and gene expression. Recombination between two TEs can result in chromosomal rearrangements or deletions of the interleaving genomic sequence. Transposition is regulated by the cellular processes that produce active transposase. Transposition regulation is unique to each element and encompasses transcription, differential splicing, translation, and protein-protein interaction regulation.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Review on Role of Mobile Element in Crop Genetic Variability AU - Takele Mitiku Y1 - 2022/03/29 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15 DO - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15 T2 - American Journal of BioScience JF - American Journal of BioScience JO - American Journal of BioScience SP - 69 EP - 74 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-0167 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221002.15 AB - Transposable elements make up a significant portion of plant genomes and are thought to play a key role in genomic reorganization and functional alterations. Transposable elements are known to cause a wide range of gene expression and function modifications in plants. This has led to the hypothesis that transposable element activity aided adaptive plant evolution. Transposons are controlled by a collection of mechanisms that identify and epigenetically quiet them, despite the fact that they are potentially very mutagenic. Two basic properties are shared by all transposable elements. The first is their ability to travel about the genome, which is why they're called mobile DNAs or transposable elements. The second is their ability to use this transposition to increase their copy number inside the genome, giving them a selective function that can make them selfish or parasitic DNAs. The distribution of transposable elements in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat can be divided into three compartments (distal, interstitial, and proximal) that differ in age and type, gene density and function, and recombination frequency, implying that transposable elements are distributed differently in the repeat-rich genomes of barley and bread wheat. Transposable elements are thought to play a key role in genome organization and evolution. TEs have the potential to alter genomic structure and gene expression. Recombination between two TEs can result in chromosomal rearrangements or deletions of the interleaving genomic sequence. Transposition is regulated by the cellular processes that produce active transposase. Transposition regulation is unique to each element and encompasses transcription, differential splicing, translation, and protein-protein interaction regulation. VL - 10 IS - 2 ER -
Email: