Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices

Gaja Caroline; Asibor Godwin; Edjere Oghenekohwiroro

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12

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Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices

Gaja Caroline, Asibor Godwin, Edjere Oghenekohwiroro

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 1 December 2022 Accepted: 26 December 2022 Published: 9 January 2023

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Abstract

The Forcados Terminal effluent discharged channel was remediated about twenty years ago with recommendation for periodic assessment of the organic and inorganic contaminants in the area. Forcados Terminal is in Delta State, Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate heavy metals pollution status of sediments in the remediated crude oil effluent discharge channel. A total of sixteen sediments samples were collected from ten sampling locations using grab sampling technique in October 2019 (wet season) and February 2020 (dry season). Heavy metals were determined in all the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with aqua regia. The results showed that the concentrations of the sediment samples (mg/kg) ranged from <0.01-0.05, <0.01-0.91, <0.01-3.46, 13.2-45.3, 14.7-64.1, 5.56-105, 3.10-108, 0.14-5.86, 78.8-289, 28.2-254 and 3529-7773 for Hg, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, V, Mn, Zn and Fe. Hg and As were generally not detected in the sediments. On the average, the geoaccumulation index of Cd in the sediments falls into the moderately polluted category while the geoaccumulation index of all the other metals falls into the practically unpolluted category. On the average, the Contamination/Pollution index (CPI) value of Cd was > 1 which indicates that the sediments were polluted with Cd but the CPI values of other heavy metals were < 1 which indicates that these sediments were contaminated with the other heavy metals.

Published in	Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12
Page(s)	11-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Pollution, Contaminants, Produced Water Channel, Geoaccumulation

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APA Style

Gaja Caroline, Asibor Godwin, Edjere Oghenekohwiroro. (2023). Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 9(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12

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ACS Style

Gaja Caroline; Asibor Godwin; Edjere Oghenekohwiroro. Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices. J. Health Environ. Res. 2023, 9(1), 11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12

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AMA Style

Gaja Caroline, Asibor Godwin, Edjere Oghenekohwiroro. Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices. J Health Environ Res. 2023;9(1):11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12,
  author = {Gaja Caroline and Asibor Godwin and Edjere Oghenekohwiroro},
  title = {Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20230901.12},
  abstract = {The Forcados Terminal effluent discharged channel was remediated about twenty years ago with recommendation for periodic assessment of the organic and inorganic contaminants in the area. Forcados Terminal is in Delta State, Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate heavy metals pollution status of sediments in the remediated crude oil effluent discharge channel. A total of sixteen sediments samples were collected from ten sampling locations using grab sampling technique in October 2019 (wet season) and February 2020 (dry season). Heavy metals were determined in all the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with aqua regia. The results showed that the concentrations of the sediment samples (mg/kg) ranged from  1 which indicates that the sediments were polluted with Cd but the CPI values of other heavy metals were < 1 which indicates that these sediments were contaminated with the other heavy metals.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices
AU  - Gaja Caroline
AU  - Asibor Godwin
AU  - Edjere Oghenekohwiroro
Y1  - 2023/01/09
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 11
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12
AB  - The Forcados Terminal effluent discharged channel was remediated about twenty years ago with recommendation for periodic assessment of the organic and inorganic contaminants in the area. Forcados Terminal is in Delta State, Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate heavy metals pollution status of sediments in the remediated crude oil effluent discharge channel. A total of sixteen sediments samples were collected from ten sampling locations using grab sampling technique in October 2019 (wet season) and February 2020 (dry season). Heavy metals were determined in all the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with aqua regia. The results showed that the concentrations of the sediment samples (mg/kg) ranged from  1 which indicates that the sediments were polluted with Cd but the CPI values of other heavy metals were < 1 which indicates that these sediments were contaminated with the other heavy metals.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Gaja Caroline

Department of Environmental Management and Management, College of Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria
Asibor Godwin

Department of Environmental Management and Management, College of Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria
Edjere Oghenekohwiroro

Department of Environmental Management and Management, College of Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

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APA Style

Gaja Caroline, Asibor Godwin, Edjere Oghenekohwiroro. (2023). Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 9(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12

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ACS Style

Gaja Caroline; Asibor Godwin; Edjere Oghenekohwiroro. Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices. J. Health Environ. Res. 2023, 9(1), 11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12

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AMA Style

Gaja Caroline, Asibor Godwin, Edjere Oghenekohwiroro. Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices. J Health Environ Res. 2023;9(1):11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12,
  author = {Gaja Caroline and Asibor Godwin and Edjere Oghenekohwiroro},
  title = {Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20230901.12},
  abstract = {The Forcados Terminal effluent discharged channel was remediated about twenty years ago with recommendation for periodic assessment of the organic and inorganic contaminants in the area. Forcados Terminal is in Delta State, Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate heavy metals pollution status of sediments in the remediated crude oil effluent discharge channel. A total of sixteen sediments samples were collected from ten sampling locations using grab sampling technique in October 2019 (wet season) and February 2020 (dry season). Heavy metals were determined in all the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with aqua regia. The results showed that the concentrations of the sediment samples (mg/kg) ranged from  1 which indicates that the sediments were polluted with Cd but the CPI values of other heavy metals were < 1 which indicates that these sediments were contaminated with the other heavy metals.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pollution Status of Sediment from a Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel Using Various Indices
AU  - Gaja Caroline
AU  - Asibor Godwin
AU  - Edjere Oghenekohwiroro
Y1  - 2023/01/09
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 11
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20230901.12
AB  - The Forcados Terminal effluent discharged channel was remediated about twenty years ago with recommendation for periodic assessment of the organic and inorganic contaminants in the area. Forcados Terminal is in Delta State, Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate heavy metals pollution status of sediments in the remediated crude oil effluent discharge channel. A total of sixteen sediments samples were collected from ten sampling locations using grab sampling technique in October 2019 (wet season) and February 2020 (dry season). Heavy metals were determined in all the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with aqua regia. The results showed that the concentrations of the sediment samples (mg/kg) ranged from  1 which indicates that the sediments were polluted with Cd but the CPI values of other heavy metals were < 1 which indicates that these sediments were contaminated with the other heavy metals.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download