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The Prevalence and Determinants of Preference of Long Term Contraceptive Methods among Married Women in Arba Minch Town, Ethiopia
Tariku Tesfaye Haile,
Belay Belete Anjullo
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
26-34
Received:
18 June 2018
Accepted:
4 July 2018
Published:
27 July 2018
Abstract: Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries with alarming population growth rate and high total fertility rate. To reduce high population growth and high fertility, the usage of modern contraceptive methods which classified as short term and long term methods is crucial among women. Despite widespread adoption of family planning in the developing world, the usage of modern contraceptive methods and preference of long term method is still relatively very low in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Hence, the general objective of this study was assessing the prevalence of modern contraceptive methods and identifying the potential factors influencing the preferences of long term contraceptive methods among married women of reproductive age (15-49) in Arba Minch town. Community based cross sectional study design was employed. A single stage simple random sampling was used as sampling technique and sample of 990 women was determined using a formula for estimation of single population proportion. Descriptive analysis was employed to estimate the prevalence and potential predictors were selected by using chi-square test of association between preference of the modern contraceptive methods and predictors. Those predictors that showed p-value less than or equal to 0.25 were taken to binary logistic regression analysis to identify the determinants. From a descriptive analysis, out of 990 sampled married women about 57.9% (573) were modern contraception methods users. Among these 573 modern contraceptive method users, 147 (27.73%) were long term methods users, like injectable, implant and intrauterine devices. From binary logistic regression analysis, age of the respondent, religion of women, number of children in a family, education level of women, desire for more child, experience on modern contraceptive use, frequency of watching television, availability of service in nearby place and service provider were found to be statistically significant predictors of preference of long term contraceptive methods among married women of reproductive age in Arba Minch town.
Abstract: Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries with alarming population growth rate and high total fertility rate. To reduce high population growth and high fertility, the usage of modern contraceptive methods which classified as short term and long term methods is crucial among women. Despite widespread adoption of family planning in the dev...
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Subtle de Winter in a 40 Years Old Male with No Chest Pain
Khalid Abdulrahman Ali Ateyyah
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
35-39
Received:
21 June 2018
Accepted:
17 July 2018
Published:
15 August 2018
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well known that the Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first and most important test to diagnose patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ST elevations on ECG in a patient presenting with chest pain is defined as ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Various STEMI equivalents have been reported in the literature. Most STEMI equivalents are often missed or not recognized by physicians. So, giving attention to these presentations are very important for physicians and cardiologist. The de Winter ECG pattern is one of the rare STEMI equivalents presentations which deserves emergent reperfusion therapy. CASE REPORT: This case report describes a very subtle ECG pattern which found to have critical occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery in a previously healthy 40-year-old patient who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with no chest pain. The patient did not have any risk factors for ACS and was not taking any medication. The initial ECG showed mild ST depression, which was changed to biphasic T wave later on. Recognizing this specific ECG pattern is important to direct patients toward appropriate management early and prevent delay in diagnoses.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well known that the Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first and most important test to diagnose patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ST elevations on ECG in a patient presenting with chest pain is defined as ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Various STEMI equivalents have ...
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Antibacterial Activity of Citrus sinensis and Solanum lycopersicum on Wound Isolated from Hospitals in Kaduna Metropolis Kaduna Nigeria
Abdulrashid Maz’uma,
Anthony John Dadah,
Auwalu Uba
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
40-49
Received:
21 June 2018
Accepted:
19 July 2018
Published:
17 August 2018
Abstract: The increasing failure of chemotherapeutics and antibiotic resistance exhibited by pathogenic microbial infectious agents has lead to the screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. The medicinal properties shown by different medicinal plants are due to the phytochemicals present in the plant. These phytochemicals are the most vital sources for the treatment of destructive diseases. Different phytochemicals have an extensive range of activities, which helps to enhance the immune system and give resistance against long term disease to protect the body from harmful pathogens. To determine the antibacterial activity of Citrus sinensis and Solanum lycopersicum on wound isolated from Hospitals in Kaduna Metropolis Kaduna Nigeria was the main purpose of this study. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of powdered C. sinensis peel and fresh fruit of S. lycopersicum were used for the qualitative measurement of various phytochemicals present in these plants. The phytochemical screening of the extracts yielded positive results for carbohydrates, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, triterpene, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. Wound swab samples of patients from five (5) selected hospitals within Kaduna metropolis yielded Bacillus cereus, Myroides Species and Staphylococcus lentus. The Citrus sinensis ethanolic and aqueous extracts as well as the Solanum lycopersicum ethanolic and aqueous extracts demonstrated a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against the three pathogenic bacteria of wound origin. The result of the tests indicate that orange peel ethanolic extract, tomato aqueous extract and tomato ethanolic extract showed the highest inhibition against Bacillus cereus 22mm, 20mm and 15mm respectively while highest inhibition of orange peel aqueous extract 19.5mm was recorded for Myroides spp. Lowest inhibition of tomato aqueous extract and tomato ethanolic extract were recorded for Staphylococcus lentus 15.2mm and 13.17mm respectively. Orange peel ethanolic extract and orange peel aqueous extract did not inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus lentus respectively. Extracts which exhibited high activities against one or several pathogenic wound isolates were further assayed for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The present study concludes that orange peel ethanolic, tomato aqueous and tomato ethanolic extracts showed highest antibacterial activity against the organism Bacillus cereus while orange peel aqueous showed highest antibacterial activity against Myroide spp. and there was a significant difference in the level of inhibition among the organisms isolated.
Abstract: The increasing failure of chemotherapeutics and antibiotic resistance exhibited by pathogenic microbial infectious agents has lead to the screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. The medicinal properties shown by different medicinal plants are due to the phytochemicals present in the plant. These phytochemic...
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Preparation of Low Cost Affinity Chromatographic Matrix and Its Application in Purification of a Lectin Isolated from Mulberry Seeds
Mosammat Jesmin Sultana,
Mohammad Taufiq Alam,
Fazle Rabbi Shakil Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
50-56
Received:
22 June 2018
Accepted:
17 July 2018
Published:
30 August 2018
Abstract: Objective: Uniform sized agarose gel beads were prepared from agarose by emulsification technique. The prepared matrix has been attached with commercially available concanavalin A (conA) and finally it has applied to purify mulberry seed lectin. The present work shows a simple and inexpensive method for the preparation of an affinity matrix for purification of conA specific mulberry seed lectin. Method: Firstly, conA was immobilized on agarose gel beads and coupled to hexadiamine by using amino reactive bifunctional crosslinker (2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-trizine). Then it used as affinity matrix for the purification of mulberry seed lectin (designated as MSL). In purification protocol initially conA has been immobilized with agarose. Then MSL have been purified from the seeds of Morus alba L. Result: The agarose beads showed the best uniformity when 2-2.5% concentration of Tween 80 was used. The newly prepared affinity matrix agarose gel was able to purify MSL with the molecular weight of 22 kDa in a single step. The purified lectin strongly agglutinated with mice, chicken, bovine and human blood types A, B and O erythrocytes respectively. There was no activity found on goat erythrocytes. Conclusion: The present work shows a simple and inexpensive method for the preparation of an affinity chromatographic matrix. The prepared matrix was applied to purify mulberry seed lectin.
Abstract: Objective: Uniform sized agarose gel beads were prepared from agarose by emulsification technique. The prepared matrix has been attached with commercially available concanavalin A (conA) and finally it has applied to purify mulberry seed lectin. The present work shows a simple and inexpensive method for the preparation of an affinity matrix for pur...
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