A Critical and Systematic Review of Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis): A Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) That Affects Negatively Agricultural Activities Across the World
Kubkomawa Hayatu Ibrahim,
Kenneth-Chukwu Oluchi Margret,
Iyiola Vivian Ogechi,
Anyanwu Vivian Chinenye
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
13-17
Received:
20 June 2021
Accepted:
30 June 2021
Published:
9 July 2021
Abstract: The objective of the study is to carry out a critical and systematic review of Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) as one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTD) that affects negatively agricultural activities in the world. It is also to remind people of existence of the disease, create awareness for its prevention and elimination. This effort could go a long way to averting unnecessary suffering, save production work force and aid in poverty alleviation in the tropics. Lymphatic filariasis happens when infested mosquito bites humans to transmit filarial parasites. The parasites cause blockages in the lymphatic system that stops or inhibits the return of fluids to the circulatory system. This results in fluid accumulation in the tissues (legs, hands (arms), breast and scrotums), causing swellings and periodic fevers with frequent fungal and bacterial infections. Lymphatic filariasis is one of the leading causes of permanent and long-term disability in tropical countries of the world. It affects all classes of people irrespective of age, gender, race, educational and economic status. This disease reduces the production capacities of infected individuals especially in the area of agro-allied businesses worldwide. The time and resources wasted for the treatment and management of the infection affect food production negatively. There are about 1.1 billion people in 80 countries at risk of contracting this disease while 120 million people are infected globally. The disease is a serious life threatening with negative consequence on drivers of the economy. The patients are not only physically disabled, but also suffer psychological, social and financial crisis in addition to trauma from stigma and poverty. It is worthy to note that, the local cure of Lymphatic filariasis has been found and now available at Kwargashe Village, Lala District, Gombi Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Abstract: The objective of the study is to carry out a critical and systematic review of Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) as one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTD) that affects negatively agricultural activities in the world. It is also to remind people of existence of the disease, create awareness for its prevention and elimination. This effort co...
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Antimicrobial Activity of Biopolymer Extract against Four Selected Microorganisms
Jeje Oludiya Ayorinde,
Osula Joyce Eghosa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
18-25
Received:
3 May 2021
Accepted:
24 May 2021
Published:
13 July 2021
Abstract: The discovery of antibacterial drugs to combat the spread of infectious diseases brought a great relief to the health community which allowed the medical professionals to treat and reduce death rate arising from infections caused by microorganisms. The need to search and formulate more potent and efficient antimicrobial drugs become necessary due to resistance of some microorganisms to available and existing antimicrobial drugs. Chitosan was extracted from crab shell waste through the stages of demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The chitosan (CHS) was further modified with silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution using various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 M) in order to enhance its antimicrobial property. The crab shell powder (CSP) and chitosan (CHS) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. (SEM-EDS). The antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition) was carried out using disk diffusion method. The result showed that E.coli and Pseudopodium showed the highest susceptibility of 10.2 ± 0.2 mm with extract from chitosan treated with 1.5 M silver nitrate (1.5 SNCHE) at 1000 µg/L whereas the least susceptibility was observed to be E. coli (2.0 ± 0.1 mm) with extract from chitosan treated with 1.0 M silver nitrate (1.0 SNCHE) at 250 µg/L. However, untreated chitosan extract (UCHSE) did not exhibit any antimicrobial effect against any of the tested microorganisms. The proximate analysis of CHS and CHN showed % crude protein to be 12.24 ± 0.01 and 20.54 ± 0.03 respectively. The FT-IR spectra of CHS and CHN showed their characteristic absorption peaks and the diffractograms of CSP and CHS revealed CaCO3 to be the major mineral component in the samples.
Abstract: The discovery of antibacterial drugs to combat the spread of infectious diseases brought a great relief to the health community which allowed the medical professionals to treat and reduce death rate arising from infections caused by microorganisms. The need to search and formulate more potent and efficient antimicrobial drugs become necessary due t...
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Resistance of Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Antibiotics in N'Djamena in Chad
Ahmat Mahamat Ahmat,
Adoum Fouda Abderrazzack,
Abdelsalam Tidjani,
Brahim Boy Otchom,
Aly Savadogo
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
26-30
Received:
4 October 2021
Accepted:
25 October 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: The objective of this study is to determine the resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains towards antibiotics in N'Djamena (CHAD). This a cross-sectional and prospective study, conducted at the Mother and Child Hospital (MCH) in N'djamena, from February to July 2016 on 550 urine samples. Uroculture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed according to MCH laboratory standards. Germ isolation was performed on Cetrimide agar and identification by API 20 NE gallery. The antibiogram was determined by the microgram method on Mueller-Hinton agar. A total of 15/550 (2.72%) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified. These strains showed low resistance between 6.66% and 13.33% to Cefixime, Colistin, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin and Tobramycin. On the other hand, a high resistance (100%) was observed with Augmentin, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Imipenem, Vancomycin, Oxacillin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline. The emergence of multiresistant bacterial strains is a major public health problem that requires adequate and adapted antibiotic therapy. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the bacteria whose monitoring is more than necessary to defect the appearance of multidrug resistant strains. Given the involvement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in several infectious pathologies, a monitoring of its profile with respect to antibiotics must be systematically carried out in all the health structures that have adequate technical platforms allowing them to perform an antibiogram.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to determine the resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains towards antibiotics in N'Djamena (CHAD). This a cross-sectional and prospective study, conducted at the Mother and Child Hospital (MCH) in N'djamena, from February to July 2016 on 550 urine samples. Uroculture and antibiotic susceptibility testing w...
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